Passage – 3
Today's
developing economies use much less energy per capita than developed
countries such as the United States did at similar incomes, showing the
potential for lower-carbon growth. Adaptation and mitigation need to be
integrated into a climate-smart development strategy that increases
resilience reduces the threat of further global warming and improves
development outcomes. Adaptation and mitigation measures can advance
development, and prosperity can raise income and foster better
institutions. A healthier population living in better-built houses and
with access to bank loans and social securing is better equipped to deal
with a changing climate and its consequence. Advancing robust,
resilient development policies that promote adaptation is needed today
because changes in the climate, already begun, will increase even in the
short term.
The
spread of economic prosperity has always been intertwined with
adaptation to changing ecological conditions. But as growth has altered
the environment and as environmental change has accelerated, sustaining
growth and adaptability demands greater capacity to understand our
environment, generate new adaptive technologies and practices, and
diffuse them widely. As economic historians have explained, much of
humankind's creative potential has been directed at adapting to the
changing world. But adaption cannot cope with all the impacts related to
climate change, especially as larger changes unfold in the long term.
Countries
cannot grow out of harm's way fast enough to match the changing
climate. And some growth strategies, whether driven by the government or
the market, can also add to vulnerability – particularly if they
overexploit natural resources. Under the soviet development plan,
irrigated cotton cultivation expanded in water-stressed Central Asia and
led to the near disappearance of the Aral Sea, threatening the
livelihoods of fishermen, herders and farmers. And clearing mangroves
the natural coastal buffers against storm surges – to make way for
intensive farming or housing development, increases the physical
vulnerability of coastal settlements, whether in Guinea or in Louisiana.
37. Which of the following conditions of growth can add to vulnerability?
1. When the growth occurs due to excessive exploitation of mineral resources and forests.
2. When the growth brings about a change in humankind's creative potential.
3. When the growth is envisaged only for providing houses and social security to the people.
4. When the growth occurs due to emphasis on farming only.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans. (c)
38. What does low-carbon growth imply in the present context?
1. More emphasis on the use of renewable sources of energy.
2. Less emphasis on manufacturing sector and more emphasis on agriculture sector.
3. Switching over from monoculture practices to mixed farming.
4. Less demand for goods and services.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 4 only (d) None of the above implies low-carbon growth
Ans. (a)
39. Which of the following conditions is/are necessary for sustainable economic growth?
1. Spreading of economic prosperity more
2. Popularising/spreading of adaptive technologies widely.
3. Investing on research in adaptation and mitigation technology.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans. (b)
40. Which of the following inferences can be made from the passage?
1. Rained crops should not be cultivated in irrigated areas.
2. Farming under water-deficient areas should not be a part of development strategy.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Nether 1 nor 2
Ans. (a)
41. Consider the following assumption:
1. Sustainable economic growth demands the use of creative potential of men.
2. Intensive agriculture can lead to ecological backlash.
3. Spread of economic prosperity can adversely affect the ecology and environment.
With reference to the passage, which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1 , 2 and 3
Ans. (a)
42. Which one of the following statements constitutes the central theme of this passage?
1. Countries with greater economic prosperity are better equipped to deal with the consequences of climate change.
2. Adaptation and mitigation should be integrated with development strategies.
3. Rapid economic growth should not be pursued by both developed and developing countries.
4. Some countries resort to overexploitation of natural resources for the sake of rapid development
Ans. (b)
Diections
for the following 11 (eleven) items: Read the following three passages
and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answer to these
items should be based on the passages only.
Passage - 1
Invasions
of exotic species into new geographic areas sometimes occur naturally
and without human agency. However, human action have increased this
trickle to a flood. Human-caused introduction may occur either
accidentally as a consequence of human transport, or internationally but
illegally to serve some private purpose or legitimately to procure some
hoped-for public benefit by bringing a pest under control, producing
new agricultural products or providing novel recreational opportunities.
Many introduced species are assimilated into communities without much
obvious effect. However, some have been responsible for dramatic changes
to native species and natural communities. For example, the accidental
introduction of the brown tree snake Boiga irregularies into Guam, an
island in the Pacific, has through nest predation reduced 10 endemic
forest bird species to the point of extinction.
One
of the major reasons for the world's great biodiversity is the
occurrence of centers of endemism so that similar habitats in different
parts of the would are occupied by different groups of species that
happen to have evolved there. If every species naturally had access to
everywhere on the globe, we might expect a relatively small number of
successful species to become dominant in each biome. The extent to which
this homogenization can happen naturally is restricted by the limited
powers of dispersal of most species in the face of the physical barriers
that exist to dispersal. By virture of the transport opportunities
offered by humans, these barriers have been breached by an
ever-increasing number of exotic species. The effects of introduction
have been to convert a hugely diverse range of local community
compositions into something much more homogeneous.
It
would be wrong, however, to conclude that introducing species to a
region will inevitably cause a decline in species richness there. For
example, there are numerous species of plants, invertebrates and
vertebrates found in continental Europe but absent from the British
Isles (many because they have so far failed to decolonize after the last
glaciations). Their introduction would be likely to augment British
biodiversity. The significant detrimental effect noted above arise where
aggressive species provide a novel challenge to endemic biotas
ill-equipped to deal with them.
43. With reference to the passage, which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Introduction of exotic species into new geographical areas always leads to reduced biodiversity.
(b) Exotic species introduced by man into new areas have always greatly altered the native ecosystems.
(c) Man is the only reason to convert a hugely diverse range of local community compositions into more homogeneous ones..
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) is correct in this context.
Ans. (d)
44. Why does man introduce exotic species into new geographical areas?
1. To breed exotic species with local varieties.
2. To increase agricultural productivity.
3. For beautification and landscaping.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans. (b)
45. How is homogenization prevented under natural conditions?
(a) Evolution of groups of species specific to local habitats.
(b) Presence of oceans and mountain ranges.
(c) Strong adaptation of groups of species to local physical and climatic conditions.
(d) All the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above are correct in this context.
Ans. (d)
46. How have the human beings influenced the biodiversity?
1. By smuggling live organisms.
2. By building highways.
3. By making ecosystems sensitive so that new species are not allowed.
4. By ensuring that new species do not have major impact on local species.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
Ans. (a)
47. What can be the impact of invasion of exotic species on an ecosystem?
1. Erosion of endemic species.
2. Change in the species composition of the community of the ecosystem.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans. (c)
Passage - 2
Most
champions of democracy have been rather reticent in suggesting that
democracy would itself promote development and enhancement of social
welfare- they have tended to see them as good but distinctly separate
and largely independent goals. The detractors of democracy, on the other
hand, seemed to have been quite willing to express their diagnosis of
what they see as serious tensions between democracy and development. The
theorists of the practical split-"Make up your mind: do you want
democracy, or instead, do you want development?' – often came, at least
to start with, from East Asian countries, and their voice grew in
influence as several of these countries were immensely successful –
through the 1970s and 1980s and even later – in promoting economic
growth without pursuing democracy.
To
deal with these issues we have to pay particular attention to both the
content of what can be called development and to the interpretation of
democracy (in particular to the respective roles of voting and of public
reasoning). The assessment of development cannot be divorced from the
lives that people can lead and the real freedom that they enjoy.
Development can scarcely be seen merely in terms of enhancement f
inanimate objects of convenience, such as a rise in the GNP (or in
personal incomes, or industrialization – important as they may be as
means to the real ends. Their value must depend on what they do to the
lives and freedom of the people involved, which must be central to the
idea of development.
If
development is understood in a broader way, with a focus on human
lives, then it becomes immediately clear that the relation between
development and democracy has to be seen partly in terms of their
constitutive connection, rather than only through their external links.
Even thought eh question has often been asked whether political freedom
is "conducive to development", we must not miss the crucial recognition
that political liberties and democratic rights are among the
"constituent component" of development. Their relevance for development
does not have to be established indirectly through their contribution to
the growth of GNP.
48. According to the passage, why is a serious tension perceived between democracy and development by the detractors of democracy?
(a) Democracy and development are distinct and separate goals.
(b) Economic growth can be promoted successfully without pursuing a democratic system of governance.
(c) Non-democratic regimes deliver economic growth faster and fear more successfully than democratic ones.
(d) All the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above are correct in this context.
Ans. (b)
49. According to the passage, what should be the ultimate assessment/aim/view of development?
(a) Rise in the per capita income and industrial growth rates.
(b) Improvement in the Human Development Index and GNP.
(c) Rise in the savings and consumption trends.
(d) Extent of real freedom that citizens enjoy.
Ans. (d)
50. What does a “constitutive” connection between democracy and development imply?
(a) The relation between them has to be seen through external links.
(b) Political and civil rights only can lead to economic development.
(c) Political liberties and democratic rights are essential elements of development.
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is correct in this context.
Ans. (c)
Passage- 3
The
need for Competition Law becomes more evident when foreign direct
investment (FDI) is liberalized. The impact of FDI is not always
pro-competitive. Very often FDI takes the form of a foreign corporation
acquiring a domestic enterprise or establishing a joint venture with
one. By making such as substantially lessen competition and gain a
dominant position in the relevant market, thus charging higher prices.
Another scenario is where the affiliates of two separate multinational
companies (MNCs) have been established in competition with one another
in a particular developing economy, following the liberalization of FDI.
Subsequently the parent companies overseas merge. With the affiliates
no longer remaining independent, competition in the host country may be
virtually eliminated and the prices of the products may be artificially
inflated. Most of these adverse consequences of mergers and acquisitions
by MNCs can be avoided if an effective competition law is in place.
Also, an economy competition law is in a better position to attract FDI
than one that has not. This is not just because most MNCs are expected
to be accustomed to the operation of such a law in their home countries
and know how to deal with such concerns but also that MNCs expect
competition authorities to ensure a level playing field between domestic
and foreign firms.
51. With reference to the passage, consider the following statements:
1. It is desirable that the impact of Foreign Direct Investment should be pro-competitive.
2. The entry of foreign investors invariably leads to the inflated prices in domestic markets. .
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans. (a)
52. According to the passage, how does a foreign investor dominate the relevant domestic market?
1. Multinational companies get accustomed to domestic laws.
2. Foreign companies establish joint ventures with domestic companies.
3. Affiliates in a particular market/sector lose their independence as their parent companies overseas merge.
4. Foreign companies lower the cost of their products as compared to that of products of domestic companies.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans. (b)
53. What is the inference from this passage?
(a) Foreign investors and multination companies always dominate domestic market.
(b) It is not in the best interest of domestic economy to allow mergers companies.
(c) With competition law, it is easy ensure a level playing field between domestic and foreign firms.
(d) For countries with open economy Foreign Direct Investment is essential for growth.
Ans. (c)
54. Examine the following statements:
1. I watch TV only if I am bored.
2. I am never bored when I have my brother's company.
3. Whenever I go to the theatre I take my brother along.
Which one of the following conclusions is valid in the context of the above statements?
(a) If I and bored, I watch TV.
(c) If I am bored, I seek my brother’s company.
(d) If I am not bored, I do not watch TV.
Ans. (d)
Exp: Since I watch TV only when I am bored, I will not watch TV if I am not bored. Hence option (d) is correct answer.
55 Only
six roads A, B, C, P, Q, and R connect a military camp to the rest of
the country. Only one out of A, P and R is open at any one time. If B is
open during storms. P is closed during floods. In this context, which
one of the following statements is correct?
(a) Under normal conditions only three roads are open.
(b) During storms at least one road is open.
(c) During floods only three roads are open.
(d) During calamities all roads are closed.
Ans. (b)
Exp: Since
only one of A, P and R is open at a time, there will always be at least
one road open during all the times. Hence, correct answer is (b).
56. Examine the following statements:
1. None but students are members of the club.
2. Some members of the club are married persons.
3. All married persons are invited for dance.
Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements?
(a) All students are invited for dance.
(b) All married students of the club are invited for dance.
(c) All members of the club are married persons.
(d) None of the above conclusions can be drawn.
Ans. (d)
Exp: Option
(a) is not correct as all students are not invited and only married
students are invited. Option (b) is not correct as even non member of
the club can be invited for dance. Option (c) is not correct as there is
a complete possibility that some members of the club are not married.
Hence, correct answer to the question is (d)
57. Four
political parties W, X Y and Z decided to set up a joint candidate for
the coming parliamentary elections. The formula agreed by them was the
acceptance of to candidate by moist of the parties. Four aspiring
candidates, A, B, C and D approached the parties for their tickets.
A was acceptable to W but not to Z.
B was acceptable to Y but not to X.
C was acceptable to W and Y.
D was acceptable to W and X.
When
candidate B was preferred by W and Z, candidate C was preferred by X
and Z , and candidate A was acceptable to X but not to Y, who got the
ticket?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Ans. (c)
Exp: As per the question following acceptance and non acceptance are given.
Hence, only C is accepted to all the parties and he will get the ticket. Hence, answer is (c)
58. Consider the following statements.
1. All X-brand cars parked here are white.
2. Some of them have radial types.
3. All X-brand cars manufactured after 1986 have radial tyres.
4. All cars are not X-brand.
Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements ?
(a) Only white cars are parked here.
(b) Some white X-brand cars with radial tyres are parked here.
(c) Cars other than X-brand cannot have radial tyres.
(d) Most of the X-brand cars are manufactured before 1986.
Ans. (b)
Exp: All
X-branded cars parked here are white and some of them have radial
tyres. Hence some white X-brand cars parked here have radial tyres and
hence answer is (b).
59. Consider the following statement.
The
Third World War, if it ever starts, will end very quickly with the
possible end of civilization. It is only the misuse of nuclear power
which will trigger it.
(a) Nuclear power will be used in the Third World War.
(b) There will be no civilization left after the Third World War.
(c) The growth of nuclear power will destroy civilization in the long run.
(d) The Third World War will not take place.
Ans. (b)
Exp: There
is a possibility of end of civilization with the use of nuclear power
which will be used in third world war which if starts ever. The passage
speaks very negative about misuse of nuclear power and it infers that it
will be used some time or the other. Hence, answer will be (b).
60. The elements of the problem figures given below are changing with a certain rule as we observe them from left to right:
According to this rule, which of the following would be the next figure if the changes were continued with the same rule?
Ans. (d)
Exp: In
the first figure, triangle is pointed towards up, followed by pointed
towards down, followed by pointed towards up, followed by pointed
towards down. Hence, in the answer choice triangle should point up and
only option (d) is pointing up. Hence, answer is (d).
61. Consider the following informaiton regarding the performance of a class of 1000 students in four different tests:
If a student scores 74 marks in each of the four tests, in which one of
the followint tests is her performance the best comparatively?
(a) Test I (b) Test II
(c) Test III (d) Test IV
Ans. (b)
Exp: In
test II and test I, average marks are minimum and thus a score of 74
will be best relatively. Whereas since range of marks is test II is up
to 75, thus his performance will be best in test II comparatively. Hence
correct answer is (b).
62. Six
squares are coloured, front and back, red (R), blue (B), yellow (Y),
green (G), white (W) and orange (O) and are hinged together as shown in
the figure given below. If they are folded to form a cube, what would be
the face opposite the white face?
(a) R (b) G
(c) B (d) O
Ans. (c)
Exp: Joining the figure, we will realize that W and B will be opposite to each other and thus (c) is the right answer choice.
63. In
the above figure, circle P represents hardworking people, circle Q
represents intelligent people, circle R represents truthful people, and
circle S represents honest people. Which region represents the people
who are intelligent, honest and truthful but not hardworking?
(a) 6 (b) 7
(c) 8 (d) 11
Ans. (a)
Exp: Since, we require not hard working, option (b), (c) and (d) get eliminated and thus answer has to be (a).
64. Three views of a cube following a particular motion are given below:
What is the letter opposite to A?
(a) H (b) P
(c) B (d) M
Ans. (a)
Exp: In
a cube, any pair of adjoining sides will have two common adjoining
sides which will be opposite to each other. In the given question, these
two sides are A and H. Hence, H is opposite to A. Hence correct answer
option is (a).
65.
Which one of the figures shown below occupies the blank space (?) in the matrix given above?
Ans. (d)
Exp: In
each row, first and third circle have same coloured quadrant where as
the middle circle has opposite quadrant coloured. Hence (d) is the right
answer.
Directions
for the followint 8 (eight) items: The following eight items
(questions 66 to 73) are based on three passages in English to test the
comprehension of English language and therefore these items do not have
Hindi version. Read each passage and answer the items that follow.
Passage – I
For
fourteen and a half months I lived in my little cell or room in the
Dehradun jail, and I b egan to feel as if I was almost a part of It. I
was familiar with every bit of it, I knew every mark and dent on the
whitewashed walls and on the uneven floor and the ceiling with its
moth-eaten rafters. Ini the little yard outside I greeted little tufts
of grass and odd bits of stone as old frients. I was not alone in my
cell, for several colonies of wasp and hornets lived there, and many
lizards found a home behind the rafters, emerging in the evenings in
search of prey.
66. Which of the following explains best the sentence in the passage "I was almost a part of it"?
(a) I was not alone in the cell.
(b) I was familiar with every bit of the cell.
(c) I greeted little tufts of grass like old friends.
(d) I felt quite at home in the cell.
Ans. (b)
67. The passage attempts to describe:
(a) the general conditions of the country's jails.
(b) the prisoner's capacity to notice the minute details of his surroundings.
(c) the prisoner's conscious efforts to overcome the loneliness.
(d) the prisoner's ability to live happily with other creatures.
Ans. (c)
68. The author of the passage seems to suggest that:
(a) it is possible to adjust oneself to uncongenial surroundings.
(b) the conditions in Indian prisons are not bad.
(c) it is not difficult to spend one's time in a prison.
(d) there is a need to improve the conditions in our jails.
Ans. (a)
Passage – II
We
started pitching the highest camp that has ever been made. Everything
took five times as long as it would have taken in a place where there
was enough air to breathe; but at last we got the tent up, and when we
crawled in, it was not too bad. There was only a light wind, and inside
it was not too cold for us to take off our gloves. At night most
climbers take off their boots; but I prefer to keep them on. Hillary, on
the other hand, took his off and laid them next to his sleeping bag.
69. What does the expression "pitching the highest camp" imply?
(a) They reached the summit of the highest mountain in the world.
(b) Those who climbed that far earlier did not pitch any camp.
(c) So far nobody has ever climbed that high.
(d) They were too many climbers and needed to pitch a big camp.
Ans. (c)
70. They took a long time to finish the work because:
(a) they were very tired.
(b) there was not enough air to breathe.
(c) it was very cold.
(d) it was very dark.
Ans. (b)
71. When they crawled into the tent?
(a) they took off their gloves because it was not very cold.
(b) they could not take off their gloves because it was very cold.
(c) they took off their gloves though it was very cold.
(d) they did not take off their gloves though it was not cold.
Ans. (a)
Passage – III
A
local man, staying on the top floor of an old wooden house, was
awakened at midnight by a fire. Losing his way in a smoke-filled
passage, he missed the stairway and went into another room. He picked up
a bundle to protect his face from the fire and immediately fell through
the floor below where he managed to escape through a clear doorway. The
"bundle" proved to be the baby of the Mayor's wife. The "hero" was
congratulated by all.
72. The man went into another room because:
(a) he did not know where exactly the stairway was.
(b) the passage was full of smoke.
(c) he was extremely nervous.
(d) he stumbled on a bundle.
Ans. (b)
73. The man was called a hero because he
(a) expressed his willingness to risk his life to save others.
(b) managed to escape from the fire.
(c) showed great courage in fighting the fire.
(d) saved a life.
Ans. (d)
Directions for the following 7 (seven) items : Given below are seven items:
Given
below are seven items. Each item describes a situation and is followed
four possible responses. Indicate the response you find most
appropriate. Choose only one response for each item. The responses will
be evaluated based on the level of appropriateness for the given
situation.
Please attempt all the items. There is no penalty for wrong answers for these seven items.
74. You
have differences of opinion regarding the final report prepared by your
subordinate that is to be submitted urgently. The subordinate is
justifying the information given in the report. You would….
(a) Convince the subordinate that he is wrong.
(b) Tell him to reconsider the results.
(c) Revise the report on your own.
(d) Tell him not to justify the mistake.
Ans. (c)
75. You
are competing with your batch-mate for a prestigious award to be
decided based on an oral presentation. Ten minutes are allowed for each
presentation. You have been asked by the committee to finish on time.
Your friend, however, is allowed more than the stipulated time period.
You would….
(a) Lodge a complaint to the chairperson against the discrimination.
(b) Not listen to any justification from the committee.
(c) Ask for withdrawal of your name.
(d) Protest and leave the place.
Ans. (a)
76. You
are handling a time-bound project. During the project review meeting,
you find that the project is likely to get delayed due to lack of
cooperation of the team members. You would…
(a) Warn the team members for their non-cooperation.
(b) Look into reasons for non-cooperation.
(c) Ask for the replacement of team members.
(d) Ask for extension of time citing reasons.
Ans. (b)
77. You
are the chairperson of a state sports committee. You have received a
complaint and later it was found that an athelete in the junioir age
category who has won a medal has crossed the age criteria by 5 days. You
would….
(a) Ask the screening committee for a clarification.
(b) Ask the athlete to return the medal.
(c) Ask the athlete to get an affidavit from the court declaring his/her age.
(d) Ask the members of the sports committee for their views.
Ans. (a)
78. You
are handling a priority project and have been meeting all the deadlines
and are therefore planning your leave during the project. Your
immediate boss does not grant your leave citing the urgency of the
project. You would….
(a) Proceed on leave without waiting for the sanction.
(b) Pretend to be sick and take leave.
(c) Approach higher authority to reconsider the leave application.
(d) Tell the boss that it is not justified.
Ans. (c)
79. You
are involved in setting up a water supply project in a remote area.
Full recovery of cost is impossible in any case. The income levels in
the area are low and 25% of the population is below poverty line (BPL).
When a decision has to be taken on pricing you would….
(a) Recommend that the supply of water be free of charge in all respects.
(b) Recommend that the users pay a one time fixed sum for the installation of taps and the usage of water be free.
(c) Recommend that a fixed monthly charge be levied only on the non-BPL families and for BPL families water should be free.
(d) Recommend
that the users pay a charge based on the consumption of water with
differentiated charges for non-BPL and BPL families.
Ans. (c)
80. As
a citizen you have some work with a government department. The official
calls you again and again; and without directly asking you, sends out
feelers for a bribe. You want to get your work done. You would…..
(a) Give a bribe.
(b) Behave as if you have not understood the feelers and persist with your application.
(c) Go to the higher officer for help verbally complaining about feelers.
(d) Send in a formal complaint.
Ans. (b)
.