Showing posts with label GENERAL KNOWLEDGE. Show all posts
Showing posts with label GENERAL KNOWLEDGE. Show all posts

Tuesday, December 25, 2018

List of Chief Election Commissioners of India Since 1950 to 2019

1. Sukumar Sen : 21 March, 1950 to 19 December, 1958
2. K. V. K. Sundaram : 20 December, 1958 to 30 September, 1967
3. S. P. Sen Verma : 1 October, 1967 to 30 September, 1972
4. Nagendra Singh : 1 October, 1972 to 6 February, 1973
5. T. Swaminathan : 7 February, 1973 to 17 June, 1977
6. S. L. Shakdhar : 18 June, 1977 to 17 June, 1982
7. R. K. Trivedi : 18 June, 1982 to 31 December, 1985
8. R. V. S. Peri Sastri : 1 January, 1986 to 25 November, 1990
9. V. S. Ramadevi : 26 November, 1990 to 11 December, 1990
10. T. N. Seshan : 12 December, 1990 to 11 December, 1996
11. M. S. Gill : 12 December, 1996 to 13 June, 2001
12. J. M. Lyngdoh : 14 June, 2001 to 7 February, 2004
13. T. S. Krishnamurthy : 8 February, 2004 to 15 May, 2005
14. B. B. Tandon : 16 May, 2005 to 28 June, 2006
15. N. Gopalaswami : 29 June, 2006 to 20 April, 2009
16. Navin Chawla : 21 April, 2009 to 29 July, 2010
17. S. Y. Quraishi : 30 July, 2010 to 10 June, 2012

18. V. S. Sampath : 10 June, 2012 to 15 January, 2015
19. H. S. Brahma : 15 January, 2015 to 18 April, 2015
20. Nasim Zaidi : 19 April, 2015 to 6 July, 2017
21. Achal Kumar Jyoti : 6 July, 2017 to 22 January, 2018
22. Om Prakash Rawat : 23 January, 2018 to 2 December, 2018
23. Sunil Arora : December, 2018 to Incumbent 

Sunday, July 24, 2016

Andhra Pradesh General Knowledge MCQs for Competitive Exams

1. Who was the first prime minister from Andhra Pradesh?
(A) N. Sanjeeva Reddy 

(B) P. V. Narasimha Rao 
(C) G. M. C. Balayogi 
(D) V. V. Giri 
(Ans : B)

2. Which is the official language of Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Sadri 

(B) Telugu 
(C) Munda 
(D) Oraon 
(Ans : B)

3. Which was the capital of Andhra Pradesh before 1 November, 1956?
(A) Kurnool 

(B) Vishakhapatnam 
(C) Anantapur 
(D) Bezwada 
(Ans : A)

4. Secunderabad was founded in ....AD as a British cantonment.
(A) 1804  

(B) 1805 
(C) 1806  
(D) 1807 
(Ans : C)

5. Who had to quit as governor of Andhra Pradesh after a CD featuring him appeared?
(A) Abhishek Singhvi 

(B) Sanjay Joshi 
(C) Bangaru Laxman 
(D) Narain Dutt Tiwari 
(Ans : D)

6. What is to the east of Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Arabian Sea 

(B) Bay of Bengal 
(C) Gulf of Cambay 
(D) Palk Strait 
(Ans : B)

7. Nagari is a Municipal town in ..... district of Andhra Pradesh.
(A) Anantapur 

(B) East Godavari 
(C) Chittoor 
(D) Guntur 
(Ans : C)

8. Which is the State bird of Andhra Pradesh ?
(A) Monal 

(B) Indian Roller 
(C) Duck  
(D) Peacock 
(Ans : B)

9. Where is Cumbum Lake located in Andhra Pradesh State?
(A) Chittoor 

(B) Guntur 
(C) Prakasam district  
(D) Vizianagaram 
(Ans : C)

10. .... is the state's best-known classical dance form.
(A) Bhamakalapam  

(B) Kathak 
(C) Veeranatyam 
(D) Kuchipudi 
(Ans : D)

11. ISRO Satish Dhawan Space Centre is located in ..... district of Andhra Pradesh.
(A) Guntur 

(B) Chittoor 
(C) Anantapur 
(D) Nellore 
(Ans : D)

12. Which state accomplished India’s first river­linking project, linking rivers Godavari and Krishna? 
(A) Andhra Pradesh 

(B) Telangana 
(C) Tamil Nadu 
(D) None of these 
(Ans : A)

13. Secunderabad is located at .....of Hyderabad. 
(A) South 

(B) East 
(C) West 
(D) North 
(Ans : D)

14. 1500­MW ultra mega solar power park is sanctioned for which of the following districts of Andhra Pradesh? 
(A) Guntur 

(B) Visakhapatnam  
(C) Kadapa 
(D) Kurnool 
(Ans : C)

15. The Saidani Maa Ki Dargah was constructed in ..... AD.
(A) 1881 

(B) 1882 
(C) 1883 
(D) 1884 
(Ans : C)

16. The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), established in ....year.
(A) 2005 

(B) 2006 
(C) 2007 
(D) 2008 
(Ans : C)

17. When was Andhra Pradesh formed?
(A) 4 March, 1937 

(B) 8 June, 1951 
(C) 12 July, 1949 
(D) 1 October, 1953 
(Ans : D)

18. A regatta is a series of–
(A) Car race 

(B) Cycle race 
(C) Boat race 
(D) Horse race 
(Ans : C)

19. From which state was Andhra Pradesh separated?
(A) Bombay 

(B) Travancore-Cochin 
(C) Madras 
(D) Saurashtra 
(Ans : C)

20. Which state is to the south of Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Orissa 

(B) Madhya Pradesh 
(C) Tamil Nadu 
(D) Bihar 
(Ans : C)

21. How long will Hyderabad act as a joint­ capital of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh?
(A) 5 Years 

(B) 7 years 
(C) 10 years 
(D) 15 years 
(Ans : C)

22. When Secunderabad Club was established ? 
(A) 1778 

(B) 1788  
(C) 1877  
(D) 1878 
(Ans : D)

23. Where is Amareswara temple dedicated to Lord Shiva located ?
(A) Hyderabad 

(B) Vijayawada 
(C) Amaravathi  
(D) Anantapur 
(Ans : C)

24. Ethipothala Water Falls situated on the .... river.
(A) River Krishna 

(B) Chandravanka 
(C) Penner River 
(D) Godavari 
(Ans : B)

25. When The King Edward Memorial Hospital, now known as Gandhi Hospital was established ? 
(A) 1851 

(B) 1861 
(C) 1871 
(D) 1881 
(Ans : A) 

Saturday, March 17, 2012

INDIAN ECONOMY RELATED QUESTIONS

1. According to the Economic Survey, India is placed at which place in Wireless Network mobile users in the World?
a) First  
b) Second  
c) Third   
d) Fourth  
 Answer b) Second  

2. Which ministry presents the Economic Survey in the Parliament every year?
a) Railway Ministry
b) Finance Ministry
c) Foreign Affairs Ministry 
D) Home Ministry 
Answer is b) Finance Ministry

3. Which department is not under the Ministry of Home Affairs?
a) Department of official language
b) Department of boarder management
c) Department of states
d) Department of public distribution 
Answer is (d) Department of public distribution

4. What was the achieved growth rate of GDP in Ninth Five Year Plan?
a) 8.0%
b) 7.0%
c) 7.5%
d) 8.5% 
Answer is b) 7.0%

5. The Economic Survey estimated the Forex reserves of India at over 297 billion US dollars. The surge in Forex is attributed to growth in which among the following sector?
a) Export sector
b) Foreign Direct Investments
c) Agricultural output
d) Industrial Output
Aanswer is a) Export sector

6. Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee proposed to increase the Income Tax Exemption Limit for individual tax payers from 1 lakh 60 thousand to _? 
a) 1 lakh 80 thousand
b) 1 lakh 90 thousand
c) 2 lakh 
d) 2 lakh 20 thousand
Answer is a) 1 lakh 80 thousand

7. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana was proposed to be being extended to the beneficiaries of which of the following Union Government schemes?  
a) Mahatma Gandhi NREGA beneficiaries
b) Beneficiaries of Swavlamban pension scheme
c) Indira Gandhi National old Age Pension scheme beneficiaries
d) Beneficiaries of Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana 
Answer is a) Mahatma Gandhi NREGA beneficiaries

8. To enhance credit worthiness of economically weaker sections and LIG households, a Mortgage Risk Guarantee Fund was announced to be created under which of the following scheme or Yojana? 
a) Rajiv Awas Yojana
b) Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana
c) Indira Awas Yojana
d) Mahatama Gandhi NREGA 
Answer is a) Rajiv Awas Yojana

9. Total receipts from service tax during 2011-12 has been estimated at—
a) Rs. 58000 crore
b) Rs. 82000 crore
c) Rs. 78000 crore
d) Rs. 88000 crore
Answer is b) Rs. 82000 crore

10. The maximum limit of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in public sector banking is—
a) 51%
b) 50%
c) 33%
d) 49%
Answer is d) 49%

11. By how much did the UNDP’s Human Development Index (HDI) for all countries increase on average from 1970 to 2011?
a. 17 percent
b. 24 percent
c. 33 percent
d. 41 percent
e. 52 percent
Answer is d. 41 percent

12.
By how much did the UNDP’s Human Development Index (HDI) for “high human development” countries and “low human development” countries, respectively, change on average from 1980 to 2011?
a. 8.9% decrease (low HDI countries); 2.7% decrease (high HDI countries)
b. 5.6% decrease (low HDI countries); 8.4% increase (high HDI countries)
c. 3.2% increase (low HDI countries); 12.9% increase (high HDI countries)
d. 21.1% increase (low HDI countries); 15.8% increase (high HDI countries)
e. 44.3% increase (low HDI countries); 20.7% increase (high HDI countries)
Answer is e. 44.3% increase (low HDI countries); 20.7% increase (high HDI countries)

13.
During the last 50 years from 1960 to 2010, the Green Revolution in agricultural productivity saw agricultural output increase by ___ percent, while the amount of land under cultivation changed by ___ percent.
a. 25% increase in agricultural output with a 50% increase in cultivated land
b. 50% increase in agricultural output with a 40% increase in cultivated land
c. 100% increase in agricultural output with a 30% increase in cultivated land
d. 150% increase in agricultural output with a 20% increase in cultivated land
e. 200% increase in agricultural output with a 10% increase in cultivated land
Answer is e. 200% increase in agricultural output with a 10% increase in cultivated land

14.
How many people in the world still lacked access to electricity in 2011?
a. 50 million people
b. 100 million people
c. 250 million people
d. 500 million people
e. 1.5 billion people
Answer is e. 1.5 billion people
15. By how much did the number of natural disasters per year increase on average from 1980-85 to 2005-09?
a. 35 percent (from 132 to 178 per year)
b. 60 percent (from 132 to 211 per year)
c. 85 percent (from 132 to 244 per year)
d. 125 percent (from 132 to 297 per year)
e. 170 percent (from 132 to 357 per year)
Answer is e. 170 percent (from 132 to 357 per year)

16. On average, a resident of a very high human development country accounts for how many times more carbon dioxide emissions than the average person living in a low human development country?
a. 2 times more emissions
b. 5 times more emissions
c. 10 times more emissions
d. 20 times more emissions
e. 30 times more emissions
Answer is e. 30 times more emissions

17.
What are the respective per capita carbon emissions of Norway and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)?
a. 5 tons (Norway) and 10 tons (UAE)
b. 10 tons (Norway) and 30 tons (UAE)
c. 15 tons each
d. 20 tons (Norway) and 5 tons (UAE)
Answer is b. 10 tons (Norway) and 30 tons (UAE)

18.
By roughly how much does the global annual fish catch of 145 million tons exceed the maximum annual sustainable catch?
a. 10 to 50 percent (14.5 to 72.5 million tons of fish)
b. 20 to 60 percent (29 to 87 million tons of fish)
c. 30 to 70 percent (43.5 to 101.5 million tons of fish)
d. 40 to 80 percent (58 to 116 million tons of fish)
e. 50 to 90 percent (72.5 to 130.5 million tons of fish)
Answer is d. 40 to 80 percent (58 to 116 million tons of fish)

19.
What percent of reduced timber harvest (deforestation) does the European Union transfer to developing countries?
a. 25 percent
b. 40 percent
c. 55 percent
d. 75 percent
e. 90 percent
Answer is d. 75 percent

20. Which Nobel Prize-winning economist argued in 1993 that sustainability involved the duty of the current generation to endow future generations with “whatever it takes to achieve a standard of living at least as good as our own and to look after their next generation similarly?”
a. Gary Becker
b. Daniel Kahneman
c. Simon Kuznets
d. Amartya Sen
e. Robert Solow
Answer is e. Robert Solow

21. When was the 1st Rail Budget announced?
a) November 1947
b) October 1966
c) February 1956
d) March 1977
Answer is a) November 1947

22) The Railway Budget was separated from the Central Budget in the year—
a) 1920
b) 1921
c) 1922
d) 1923
Answer is b) 1921

23) What is the year 2011-12 called by the Railway minister Mamata Banerjee?
a) Year of Green Energy
b) Year of the Golden era
c) Year of the century
Answer is a) Year of Green Energy

24)
What is the name given to the new rail line between Delhi-Mumbai started early 2012?
a) Golden Rail Corridor
b) Shatabdi Express
c) Garbha Express
d) Sampark Kranti Express
Answer is a) Golden Rail Corridor
25) Name the device which is approved by railways in rail budget to avoid collision of trains?
a) Anti Collision Device
b) Anti Ballistic Device
c) Anti Combining Device
d) Anti Power Device 
Answer is a) Anti Collision Device

26) What is the name given to the special trains to promote tourism?
a) Janam Bhoomi Gaurav
b) Duranto Express
c) Swarna Shatabdi
Answer is a) Janam Bhoomi Gaurav

27) What is the name of the multi-purpose smart card which would be introduced on pilot basis which can be used in booking counters, vending machines, internet etc?
a) Win-India
b) Go-India
c) Fly-India
Answer is b) Go-India

Thursday, February 9, 2012

Prathama Gramin Bank Officers Exam., 2011



General Knowledge 
(Exam Held on 25-9-2011)


1. Who amongst the following is a Classic Russian author and had written famous book ‘Anna Karenina’ ?
(A) Anton Chekhov
(B) Leo Tolstoy
(C) Maxim Gorky
(D) Vladimir Nabokav
(E) Boris Pasternak
Ans : (B)

2. What is the full form of the letter ‘D’ in the abbreviation ‘MPLADS’ which was recently in news ?
(A) Damaging
(B) Decorating
(C) Development
(D) Dealing
(E) Delimitation
Ans : (C)

3. The World Bank has given a US $ 1 billion loan to clean which of the following rivers in India ?
(A) Narmada
(B) Krishna
(C) Ganga
(D) Jhelum
(E) Beas
Ans : (C)


4. India is a member of which of the following group of countries ?
(A) OPEC
(B) NATO
(C) European Union
(D) Least Developed countries
(E) BRICS
Ans : (E)

5. Prime Minister of India was recently on a visit to Ethiopia and Tanzania. This means he visited two—
(A) European countries
(B) African countries
(C) Asian countries
(D) American countries
(E) Middle East countries
Ans : (B)

6. The 34th National Games were organized in which of the following States ?
(A) Bihar
(B) Assam
(C) Maharashtra
(D) Gujarat
(E) Jharkhand
Ans : (E)

7. Who among the following has taken over as Union Minister of Railways ?
(A) Dinesh Trivedi
(B) Lalu Prasad Yadav
(C) Kamal Nath
(D) Sharad Pawar
(E) Anand Sharma
Ans : (A)

8. India recently decided to provide US $ 500 million to which of the following nations in its neighbourhood to help it in its redevelopment projects as the country is trying to come up after a long civil war and control of UN peace keeping forces ?
(A) Bangladesh
(B) Pakistan
(C) Afghanistan
(D) Nepal
(E) Bhutan
Ans : (C)

9. As per the amendments made in the Right to Education Act, now free-education will be available to the children upto Standard—
(A) 4th
(B) 6th
(C) 8th
(D) 10th
(E) 12th
Ans : (D)

10. Which of the following State Govts. signed a historical pact on Gorkhaland Administration a few months back ?
(A) Uttarakhand
(B) Uttar Pradesh
(C) West Bengal
(D) Assam
(E) Manipur
Ans : (C)

11. NATO recently attacked and bombarded which of the following countries as it wanted to control violence between the Govt. of that country and a group of protestors ?
(A) Russia
(B) Iran
(C) Pakistan
(D) Bangladesh
(E) Libya
Ans : (E)

12. India’s population is approximately—
(A) 1 billion
(B) 1•5 billion
(C) 1•75 billion
(D) 1•21 billion
(E) 1•6 billion
Ans : (D)

13. Who amongst the following is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha at present ?
(A) Ambika Soni
(B) Meira Kumar
(C) Pranab Mukherjee
(D) Sushma Swaraj
(E) Sonia Gandhi
Ans : (B)

14. India recently resumed Foreign Ministerial level talks with which of the following countries which was suspended sometimes back due to deadlock on certain crucial issues ?
(A) USA
(B) Bangladesh
(C) China
(D) Pakistan
(E) Sri Lanka
Ans : (D)

15. Which of the following was the issue which was discussed in a specially convened session of the Parliament on August 27, 2011 ?
(A) Land Acquisition Amendment Bill
(B) Constitutional Reforms Bill
(C) Women’s Reservation Bill
(D) Anti Commercial Violence Bill
(E) Lok Pal Bill after its redrafting
Ans : (E)

16. ‘Dhanush’ is an indigenously developed by India—
(A) Missile
(B) Sub-marine
(C) Patton tank
(D) Fighter plane
(E) Passenger aircraft
Ans : (A)

17. Islam Karimov who was on a visit to India is the President of—
(A) Iraq
(B) Iran
(C) Ethiopia
(D) Tanzania
(E) Uzbekistan
Ans : (E)

18. Which of the following is the name of a missile developed by India ?
(A) Dhruva
(B) USHA
(C) Vivian
(D) Trishul
(E) PADMA
Ans : (D)

19. Who among the following is not a Cricket Player ?
(A) Ashish Nehra
(B) James Anderson
(C) Shivnarine Chanderpaul
(D) Jade Dernbach
(E) Vishwanathan Anand
Ans : (E)

20. The 11th Five Year Plan will be over in—
(A) December 2011
(B) January 2012
(C) March 2012
(D) December 2012
(E) March 2013
Ans : (C)

21. Who amongst the following is a well known name in the field of Banking in India ?
(A) H. R. Bharadwaj
(B) S. Y. Qureshi
(C) Yusuf Pathan
(D) D. Subbarao
(E) Ashok Gehlot
Ans : (D)

22. Who among the following is not a Chief Minister of a State at present ?
(A) Tarun Gogoi
(B) Ghulam Nabi Azad
(C) N. Rangaswamy
(D) Raman Singh
(E) Arjun Munda
Ans : (B)

23. Mamta Banerjee belongs to which political party ?
(A) Congress
(B) CPM (I)
(C) BJP
(D) Trinamool Congress
(E) BSP
Ans : (D)

24. Who among the following was given Lifetime Achievement Award in 12th IIFA Awards Ceremony held in Toronto in June 2011 ?
(A) Asha Bhonsle
(B) Lata Mangeshkar
(C) Amitabh Bachchan
(D) Rajesh Khanna
(E) Hema Malini
Ans : (A)

25. Asian Cup Women’s Boxing Tournament was organized in May 2011 in—
(A) Japan
(B) China
(C) South Korea
(D) India
(E) Malaysia
Ans : (B)

26. Which of the following States won the National Hockey Championship 2011 ?
(A) Karnataka
(B) Haryana
(C) Punjab
(D) Maharashtra
(E) Kerala
Ans : (B)

27. Which of the following is an ore of a metal ?
(A) Bauxite
(B) Lime Stone
(C) Sulphur
(D) Menthol
(E) Camphor
Ans : (A)

28. The 43rd Jnanpith Award was given to whom among the following ?
(A) S. L. Bhyrappa
(B) Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari
(C) O. N. V. Kurup
(D) Javed Akhtar
(E) Malti Joshi
Ans : (C)

29. Who among the following is a famous Chess Player ?
(A) Koneru Humpy
(B) Pargat Singh
(C) Baichung Bhutia
(D) Ajit Pal Singh
(E) Ishant Sharma
Ans : (A)

30. Which of the following is the full form of ‘CBS’ as used in banking system ?
(A) Corporate Business Strategies
(B) Core Banking Solution
(C) Common Banking Strategies
(D) Common Business Strategies
(E) Corporate Banking Solution
Ans : (B)

31. Which of the following is the name of a Private Sector Bank in India ?
(A) Dena Bank
(B) Syndicate Bank
(C) IDBI Bank
(D) Corporation Bank
(E) South Indian Bank
Ans : (E)

32. Which of the following terms is used in the field of Banking and Finance ?
(A) Accrued interest
(B) Assimilation
(C) Deviance
(D) Diffusion
(E) Stagnant population
Ans : (A)

33. Which of the following is not a Public Sector Unit ?
(A) Mishra Dhatu Nigam
(B) Hindalco Industries
(C) Bharat Bhari Udyog Nigam
(D) Container Corporation of India
(E) Hindustan Organic Chemicals
Ans : (E)

34. Which of the following terms is used in the game of Cricket ?
(A) Back hand
(B) Volley
(C) Follow on
(D) Jockey
(E) Deuce
Ans : (C)

35. Which of the following books is written by Arundhati Roy ?
(A) The God of Small Things
(B) A House for Mr. Biswas
(C) The Glass Palace
(D) The Namesake
(E) A Fine Balance
Ans : (A)

36. Which of the following is grown as a Spice used in daily cooking and also to be used as a quick remedy of many common ailments ?
(A) Marigold
(B) Turmeric
(C) Jatropha
(D) Cactus
(E) Fern
Ans : (B)

37. Which of the following prizes / awards is given by the Govt. of India ?
(A) Kalinga Award
(B) Pulitzer Prize
(C) Padma Bhushan
(D) Jamanalal Bajaj Award
(E) Saraswati Samman
Ans : (D)

38. Which of the following is grown as a vegetable ?
(A) Groundnut
(B) Cotton seed
(C) Custard apple
(D) Radish
(E) Castor
Ans : (D)

39. Which of the following cups/trophies is associated with the game of Hockey ?
(A) Irani Cup
(B) Duleep Trophy
(C) Rovers Cup
(D) Agha Khan Cup
(E) Ranji Trophy
Ans : (D)

40. ‘Kathakali’ is a form of dance drama originated in—
(A) Kerala
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Orissa
(D) Uttar Pradesh
(E) Manipur
Ans : (A)

41. Who among the following was a famous Scientist of Indian origin and was awarded Nobel Prize during his life time ?
(A) C. V. Raman
(B) Meghnad Saha
(C) Jagdish Chandra Basu
(D) Birbal Sahni
(E) Homi Bhabha
Ans : (A)

42. Which of the following agencies/organizations is closely associated with the functioning of the banking and finance companies in India ?
(A) UNESCO
(B) WTO
(C) SEBI
(D) UGC
(E) CBFC
Ans : (C)

43. Which of the following is not a member of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) ?
(A) Pakistan
(B) Afghanistan
(C) Nepal
(D) Bhutan
(E) Japan
Ans : (E)

44. Which of the following is called the upper House of the Parliament in India ?
(A) The Lok Sabha
(B) Office of the President of India
(C) The Union Cabinet
(D) Office of the Prime Minister of India
(E) The Rajya Sabha
Ans : (E)

45. What is the full form of ‘KYC’ as used in banking world ?
(A) Keep Your Credibility
(B) Know Your Credibility
(C) Know Your Clients
(D) Keep Your Customer
(E) Know Your Customer
Ans : (E)

46. Which of the following is the name of a bank having offices and branches in India ?
(A) Kotak Mahindra
(B) NCL
(C) Wipro
(D) DLF
(E) GAIL
Ans : (A)

47. Which of the following is a software and allied services company functioning in India ?
(A) NTPC
(B) SAIL
(C) AXIS
(D) Infosys
(E) Ambuja
Ans : (D)

48. What is full form of ‘NGO’ a term we listen very often these days ?
(A) National Growth and Opportunities
(B) Non-Governmental Organisation
(C) New Growth & Organisation
(D) Not Growing Organisation
(E) Net Growing Options
Ans : (B)

49. Nirupama Rao is appointed new Ambassador of India to—
(A) Germany
(B) France
(C) Russia
(D) USA
(E) China
Ans : (D)

50. Financial Inclusion does not include which of the following ?
(A) Having a bank account
(B) Micro credit during emergency
(C) Free registration of business enterprises
(D) Access to all kinds of commercial/personal loans
(E) Access to credit/debit cards
Ans : (C)

Thursday, October 20, 2011

100 Interesting Science Facts

1. Every year over one million earthquakes shake the Earth.
2. It takes 8 minutes 17 seconds for light to travel from the Sun’s surface to the Earth.
3. In October 1999 the 6 billionth person was born.
4. 10 percent of all human beings ever born are alive at this very moment.
5. The Earth spins at 1,000 mph but it travels through space at an incredible 67,000 mph.
7. The largest ever hailstone weighed over 1 kg and fell in Bangladesh in 1986.
6. The speed of light is 186,000 miles per second.
8. Every second around 100 lightning bolts strike the Earth.
9. Every year lightning kills 1000 people.
10. In October 1999 an Iceberg the size of London broke free from the Antarctic ice shelf.
11. If you could drive your car straight up you would arrive in space in just over an hour.
12. All the hydrogen atoms in our bodies were created 12 billion years ago in the Big Bang.
13. The Earth is 4.56 billion years old…the same age as the Moon and the Sun.
14. The dinosaurs became extinct before the Rockies or the Alps were formed.
15. Female black widow spiders eat their males after mating.
16. When a flea jumps, the rate of acceleration is 20 times that of the space shuttle during launch.
17. The earliest wine makers lived in Egypt around 2300 BC.
18. If our Sun were just inch in diameter, the nearest star would be 445 miles away.
19. The Australian billy goat plum contains 100 times more vitamin C than an orange.
20. Astronauts cannot belch – there is no gravity to separate liquid from gas in their stomachs.
21. The air at the summit of Mount Everest, 29,029 feet is only a third as thick as the air at sea level.
22. One million, million, million, million, millionth of a second after the Big Bang the Universe was the size of a …pea.
23. DNA was first discovered in 1869 by Swiss Friedrich Mieschler.
24. The molecular structure of DNA was first determined by Watson and Crick in 1953.
25. The thermometer was invented in 1607 by Galileo.
26. Englishman Roger Bacon invented the magnifying glass in 1250.
27. Alfred Nobel invented dynamite in 1866.
28. Wilhelm Rontgen won the first Nobel Prize for physics for discovering X-rays in 1895.
29. The tallest tree ever was an Australian eucalyptus – In 1872 it was measured at 435 feet tall.
30. Christian Barnard performed the first heart transplant in 1967 – the patient lived for 18 days.
31. The wingspan of a Boeing 747 is longer than the Wright brother’s first flight.
32. An electric eel can produce a shock of up to 650 volts.
33. Human tapeworms can grow up to 22.9m.
34. Chimps can understand 300 different signs.
35. The Ebola virus kills 4 out of every 5 humans it infects.
36. In 5 billion years the Sun will run out of fuel and turn into a Red Giant.
37. Without its lining of mucus your stomach would digest itself.
38. Humans have 46 chromosomes, peas have 14 and crayfish have 200.
39. There are 60,000 miles of blood vessels in the human body.
40. An individual blood cell takes about 60 seconds to make a complete circuit of the body.
41. On the day that Alexander Graham Bell was buried the entire US telephone system was shut down for 1 minute in tribute.
42. The low frequency call of the humpback whale is the loudest noise made by a living creature.
43. The call of the humpback whale is louder than Concorde and can be heard from 500 miles away.
44. A quarter of the world’s plants are threatened with extinction by the year 2010.
45. Each person sheds 40lbs of skin in his or her lifetime.
46. At 15 inches the eyes of giant squids are the largest on the planet.
47. The largest galaxies contain a million, million stars.
48. The Universe contains over 100 billion galaxies.
49. Wounds infested with maggots heal quickly and without spread of gangrene or other infection.
50. More germs are transferred shaking hands than kissing.
51. The longest glacier in Antarctica, the Almbert glacier, is 250 miles long and 40 miles wide.
52. The fastest speed a falling raindrop can hit you is 18mph.
53. A salmon-rich, low cholesterol diet means that Inuits rarely suffer from heart disease.
54. Inbreeding causes 3 out of every 10 Dalmation dogs to suffer from hearing disability.
55. The world’s smallest winged insect, the Tanzanian parasitic wasp, is smaller than the eye of a housefly.
56. If the Sun were the size of a beach ball then Jupiter would be the size of a golf ball and the Earth would be as small as a pea.
57. It would take over an hour for a heavy object to sink 6.7 miles down to the deepest part of the ocean.
58. There are more living organisms on the skin of each human than there are humans on the surface of the earth.
59. The grey whale migrates 12,500 miles from the Artic to Mexico and back every year.
60. Quasars emit more energy than 100 giant galaxies.
61. Quasars are the most distant objects in the Universe.
62. The Saturn V rocket which carried man to the Moon develops power equivalent to fifty 747 jumbo jets.
63. Koalas sleep an average of 22 hours a day, two hours more than the sloth.
64. Light would take .13 seconds to travel around the Earth.
65. Neutron stars are so dense that a teaspoonful would weigh more than all the people on Earth.
66. One in every 2000 babies is born with a tooth.
67. Every hour the Universe expands by a billion miles in all directions.
68. Somewhere in the flicker of a badly tuned TV set is the background radiation from the Big Bang.
69. The temperature in Antarctica plummets as low as -35 degrees Celsius.
70. Space debris travels through space at over 18,000 mph.
71. The International Space Station weighs about 500 tons and is the same size as a football field.
72. Astronauts brought back about 800 pounds of lunar rock to Earth. Most of it has not been analyzed.
73. Tuberculosis is the biggest global killer of women.
74. Hummingbirds consume half of their body weight in food every day.
75. Some species of bamboo grow at a rate of 3ft per day.
76. Saturn would float if you could find an ocean big enough.
77. The highest recorded train speed is 320.2 mph by the TGV train in France.
78. The highest speed ever achieved on a bicycle is 166.94 mph by Fred Rompelburg.
79. The research spacecraft Helios B came within a record 27 million miles of the Sun.
80. 65 million years ago the impact of an asteroid is estimated to have had the power of 10 million H-Bombs.
81. The temperature at the centre of the Earth is estimated to be 5500 degrees Celsius.
82. Argentia in Newfoundland has an average 206 days of fog each year.
83. Mount Waiale’ale in Hawaii is the rainiest place in the world and has 335 rainy days a year.
84. 68% of all UFO sightings are by men.
85. 15% of the world’s fresh water flows down the Amazon.
86. A cat has 32 sets of muscles in each ear.
87. Over two-thirds of people admit to urinating while in public swimming pools.
88. More people die of heart attacks on Monday than on any other day of the week.
89. Beetles are the strongest animals on Earth relative to their size. A rhinoceros beetle can carry 850 times its own weight in its back.
90. In 1961 the Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in Space.
91. In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
92. In 1885 Karl Benz built the first car powered by an internal combustion engine.
93. Scotsman John Baird invented the Baird televisor (now the television) in 1925.
94. Io, one of Jupiter’s moons, is the most volcanically active place in the Solar System.
95. The Walkman was launched in Japan by Sony in 1979.
96. Traffic lights with red and green gas lights were first introduced in London in 1868. Unfortunately, they exploded and killed a policeman. The first successful system was installed in Cleveland, Ohio in 1914.
97. Ticks are second only to the mosquito as the most dangerous parasites to humans.
98. 3 billion of the world’s 6 billion population are under the age of 25.
99. Infant mortality in 1900 was 142 in 1000 births. By 2000 it had reduced to just 6 in every 1000.
100. In total there is said to be around 400 million dogs in the world.

Thursday, August 19, 2010

Important International Environment Treaties

ACCOBAMS
  • Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic area .
  • ACCOBAMS is a cooperative agreement for the conservation of marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution
  • It is an environmental agreement signed in 2002 between all ASEAN nations to reduce haze pollution in Southeast Asia.
  • As of June 2007, eight countries Viz.Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam , Myanmar , Viet Nam , Thailand , Lao PDR , Cambodia have ratified the agreement.
Aarhus Convention:
  • Aarhus Convention, was signed on June 25, 1998 in the Danish city of Aarhus.
  • As of July 2009, it had been signed by 40 (primarily European and Central Asian) countries and the European Community and ratified by 41 countries.
Bali Communiqué
  • On 30 November 2007, the business leaders of 150 global companies published a communiqué at Bali Indonesia to world leaders calling for a comprehensive, legally binding United Nations framework to tackle climate change.
  • It is a comprehensive, legally binding United Nations framework to tackle climate change emission reduction targets to be guided primarily by science those countries that have already industrialised to make the greatest effort world leaders to seize the window of opportunity and agree on a work plan of negotiations to ensure an agreement can come into force after 2012 (when the existing Kyoto Protocol expires)
Basel Convention:
  • The Basel Convention is Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal.
  • Its an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries (LDCs) (except radioactive waste)
  • The Convention was opened for signature on 22 March 1989, and entered into force on 5 May 1992.
Bonn Convention:
  • Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals.
  • To conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range was the onjective of this convention.
  • It is an intergovernmental treaty, concluded under the aegis of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), concerned with the conservation of wildlife and habitats on a global scale.
  • The Convention was signed in 1979 in Bonn (hence the name) and entered into force in 1983.
CITES or Washington Convention
  • Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
  • Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora or Washington Convention is an international agreement between governments, drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1973 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
  • Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival and it accords varying degrees of protection to more than 33,000 species of animals and plants.
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
  • Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) or Biodiversity Convention, is an international legally binding treaty that was adopted in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992.
  • The Convention was opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993.
ENMOD
  • The Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD) is an international treaty prohibiting the military or other hostile use of environmental modification techniques.
  • It opened for signature on 18 May 1977 in Geneva and entered into force on October 5, 1978.
Kyoto Protocol
  • The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
  • It is an international environmental treaty with the goal of achieving "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
  • The Kyoto Protocol establishes legally binding commitment for the reduction of four greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride), and two groups of gases (hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons).
  • It was initially adopted for use on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan and entered into force on 16 February 2005.
  • As of February 2009 183 parties (nations) have ratified the protocol.
  • Under the Kyoto Protocol, industrialized countries agreed to reduce their collective green house gas (GHG) emissions by 5.2% from the level in 1990.
  • National limitations range from the reduction of 8% for the European Union and others to 7% for the United States, 6% for Japan, and 0% for Russia.
  • The treaty permitted the emission increases of 8% for Australia and 10% for Iceland.
  • Participation in the Kyoto Protocol, where dark green indicates countries that have signed and ratified the treaty, yellow is signed, but not yet ratified, grey is not yet decided and red is no intention of ratifying.
  • Kyoto includes defined "flexible mechanisms" such as
    Emissions Trading,
    Clean Development Mechanism
    Joint Implementation
Montreal Protocol:
  • The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer.
  • It is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a number of substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion.
  • The treaty was opened for signature on September 16, 1987 and entered into force on January 1, 1989 followed by a first meeting in Helsinki, May 1989.
  • Since then, it has undergone seven revisions, in 1990 (London), 1991 (Nairobi), 1992 (Copenhagen), 1993 (Bangkok), 1995 (Vienna), 1997 (Montreal), and 1999 (Beijing).
  • It is believed that if the international agreement is adhered to, the ozone layer is expected to recover by 2050.
  • Due to its widespread adoption and implementation it has been hailed as an example of exceptional international co-operation with Kofi Annan quoted as saying that "perhaps the single most successful international agreement to date has been the Montreal Protocol"
Sydney Declaration:
  • The Sydney APEC Leaders' Declaration on Climate Change, Energy Security and Clean Development was adopted at APEC Australia 2007 on 8 September 2007.
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
  • The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa is a Convention to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements.
  • It was adopted in Paris on 17 June 1994 and entered into force in December 1996.
  • It is the first and only internationally legally binding framework set up to address the problem of desertification.
  • The Convention is based on the principles of participation, partnership and decentralization - the backbone of Good Governance and Sustainable Development.
  • It now has 193 country Parties to the Convention, making it truly global in reach.
  • To help publicise the Convention, 2006 had been declared "International Year of Deserts and Desertification".
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
  • The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992.
  • The treaty is aimed at stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
  • It entered into force on March 21, 1994.
  • Its stated objective is to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
  • One of its first achievements was to establish a national greenhouse gas inventory, as a count of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals.
  • Accounts must be regularly submitted by signatories of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
  • The UNFCCC is also the name of the United Nations Secretariat charged with supporting the operation of the Convention, with offices in Haus Carstanjen, Bonn, Germany.
  • Since 2006 the head of the secretariat has been Yvo de Boer.
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
  • The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is a multilateral environmental agreement.
  • It was agreed upon at the Vienna Conference of 1985 and entered into force in 1988.
  • It acts as a framework for the international efforts to protect the ozone layer.
  • However, it does not include legally binding reduction goals for the use of CFCs (Choloro-Fluoro Carbons) the main chemical agents causing ozone depletion which are laid out in the accompanying Montreal Protocol.

Wednesday, August 18, 2010

Irrigation In India

1. At the time of commencement of the First Five Year Plan in 1951, population of India was about 361 million and annual food grain production was 51 million tones (m.t.), which was not adequate.
2. Import of food grains was then inevitable to cover up the shortage. Attaining self sufficiently in food was therefore given paramount importance in the plan period and in order to achieve the objective, various major, medium and minor irrigation and multi-purpose projects were formulated and implemented through successive Five Year Plans to create additional irrigation potential throughout the country.
3. This drive compounded with green revolution in the agricultural sector, has enabled India to become marginally surplus country from a deficit one in food grains.
4. Thus the net irrigated area is 39 percent of net sown area and 30 percent of total cultivable area. As stated earlier, the ultimate potential due to major and medium projects has been assessed as 58 m.ha. of which 64 per cent estimated to be developed.
5. The Planning Commission after examining the earlier studies on the regionalization of the agricultural economy has recommended that agricultural planning be done on the basis of agro climatic regions.

6. The planning commission of India has introduced a new classification of irrigation schemes:
A. Major irrigation Schemes: Those with Cultural Command Area of more than 10000 hectares.
B. Medium Irrigation Schemes: Those with cultural Command Area between 2000 and 10000 hectares.
C. Minor irrigation Schemes: Those with cultural command area between 2000 -10000 hectares.
7. The government of India launched Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Program (AIBP) in 1996-97.
8. Micro Irrigation: A new Centrally Sponsored scheme on Micro Irrigation was launched by Department of of Agriculture and Cooperation with the approval of Cabinet on December 29, 2005, during the tenth plan with a target to bring 6.2 lakh hectares under the scheme with an objective of judicious use of water and available resources.
9. Drip Irrigation: Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation or micro irrigation is an irrigation method which minimizes the use of water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It saves 30-40% of water as compared to irrigation with traditional method. It also gives 20-25% more productivity.
11. Irrigation under Bharat Nirman: Irrigation is one of the six components of for development of Infrastructure under Bharat Nirman. Under the Irrigation Component of Bharat Nirman, the target of creation of additional irrigation potential of 1 crore hectare in 4 years (2005-06 to 2008-09) is planned to be met largely through expeditious completion of identified ongoing major and medium irrigation projects.
Irrigation potential of 42 lakh hectare is planned to be created by expeditiously completing such ongoing major and medium projects. There is a definite gap between irrigation potential created and the potential utilized.
Under Bharat Nirman it is planned to restore and utilize irrigation potential of 10 lakh hectare through implementation of extension, renovation and modernization of schemes along with command area development and water management practices.
There are considerable areas in the country with unutilized ground water resources. Irrigation potential of 28 lakh hectare is planned to be created through ground water development. The remaining target for creation of irrigation potential of 10 lakh hectare is planned to be created by way of minor irrigation schemes using surface flow. lakh hectare of irrigation potential is also planned by way of repair, renovation and restoration of water bodies and extension, renovation and modernization of minor irrigation schemes.

List of various Committees and their main Focus Areas


  1. A C Shah Committee:NBFC
  2. A Ghosh Committee:Final Accounts
  3. A Ghosh Committee:Modalities Of Implementation Of New 20 Point Programme
  4. A Ghosh Committee:Frauds & Malpractices In Banks
  5. Abid Hussain Committee:Development Of Capital Markets
  6. Adhyarjuna Committee:Changes In NI Act And Stamp Act
  7. AK Bhuchar Committee:Coordination Between Term Lending Institutions And Commercial Banks
  8. B Eradi Committee:Insolvency And Wind Up Laws
  9. B Sivaraman Committee:Institutional Credit For Agricultural & Rural Development
  10. B Venkatappaiah Committee:All India Rural Credit Review
  11. BD Shah Committee:Stock Lending Scheme
  12. BD Thakar Committee:Job Criteria In Bank Loans (Approach)
  13. Bhagwati Committee:Unemployment
  14. Bhagwati Committee:Public Welfare
  15. Bhave Committee:Share Transfer Reforms
  16. Bhide Committee:Coordination Between Commercial Banks And SFC's
  17. Bhootlingam Committee:Wage, Income & Prices
  18. C Rao Committee:Agricultural Policy
  19. CE Kamath Committee:Multi Agency Approach In Agricultural Finance
  20. Chatalier Committee:Finance To Small Scale Industry
  21. Chesi Committee:Direct Taxes
  22. Cook Committee (On Behalf Of BIS - Under Basel Committee ):Capital Adequacy Of Banks
  23. D R Mehta Committee:Review Progress And Recommend Improvement Measures Of IRDP
  24. Damle Committee:MICR
  25. Dandekar Committee:Regional Imbalances
  26. Dantwala Committee:Estimation Of Employments
  27. Dave Committee:Mutual Funds (Functioning)
  28. Dharia Committee:Public Distribution System
  29. DR Gadgil Committee:Agricultural Finance
  30. Dutta Committee:Industrial Licensing
  31. G Lakshmai Narayan Committee:Extension Of Credit Limits On Basis Of Consortium
  32. G Sundaram Committee:Export Credit
  33. Gadgil Committee (1969):Lead Banking System
  34. Godwala Committee:Rural Finance
  35. Goiporia Committee:Customer Service In Banks
  36. GS Dahotre Committee:Credit Requirements Of Leasing Industry
  37. GS Patel Committee:Carry Forward System On Stock Exchanges
  38. Hathi Committee:Soiled Banknotes
  39. Hazari Committee (1967):Industrial Policy
  40. IT Vaz Committee:Working Capital Finance In Banks
  41. J Reddy Committee:Reforms In Insurance Sector
  42. James Raj Committee:Functioning Of Public Sector Banks
  43. Jankiramanan Committee:Securities Transactions Of Banks & Financial Institutions
  44. JV Shetty Committee:Consortium Advances
  45. K Madhav Das Committee:Urban Cooperative Banks
  46. Kalyansundaram Committee:Introduction Of Factoring Services In India
  47. Kamath Committee:Education Loan Scheme
  48. Karve Committee:Small Scale Industry
  49. KB Chore Committee:To Review The Symbol Of Cash Credit Q
  50. Khanna Committee:Non Performing Assets
  51. Khusrau Committee:Agricultural Credit
  52. KS Krishnaswamy Committee:Role Of Banks In Priority Sector And 20 Point Economic Programme
  53. L K Jha Committee:Indirect Taxes
  54. LC Gupta Committee:Financial Derivatives
  55. Mahadevan Committee:Single Window System
  56. Mahalanobis Committee:Income Distribution
  57. Marathe Committee:Licensing Of New Banks
  58. ML Dantwala Committee:Regional Rural Banks
  59. Mrs. KS Shere Committee:Electronic Fund Transfer
  60. Nadkarni Committee:Improved Procedures For Transactions In PSU Bonds And Units
  61. Nariman Committee:Branch Expansion Programme
  62. Narsimham Committee:Financial System
  63. Omkar Goswami Committee:Industrial Sickness And Corporate Restructuring
  64. P R Nayak Committee:Institutional Credit To SSI Sector
  65. P Selvam Committee:Non Performing Assets Of Banks
  66. PC Luther Committee:Productivity, Operational Efficiency & Profitability Of Banks
  67. PD Ojha Committee:Service Area Approach
  68. Pendarkar Committee:Review The System Of Inspection Of Commercial, RRB And Urban Cooperative Banks
  69. Pillai Committee:Pay Scales Of Bank Officers
  70. PL Tandon Committee:Export Strategy
  71. PR Khanna Committee:Develop Appropriate Supervisory Framework For NBFC
  72. Purshottam Das Committee:Agricultural Finance And Cooperative Societies
  73. R Jilani Banks:Inspection System Of Banks
  74. R S Saria Committee:Agricultural Finance And Cooperative Societies
  75. Raghavan Committee:Competition Law
  76. Raja Chelliah Committee:Tax Reforms
  77. Rajamannar Committee:Centre - State Fiscal Relationships
  78. Rajamannar Committee:Changes In Banking Laws , Bouncing Of Cheques Etc.
  79. Rakesh Mohan Committee:Petro Chemical Sector
  80. Ram Niwas Mirdha Committee (JPC):Securities Scam
  81. Rangrajan Committee:Computerization Of Banking Industry
  82. Rangrajan Committee:Public Sector Disinvestment
  83. Rashid Jilani Committee:Cash Credit System
  84. Ray Committee:Industrial Sickness
  85. RG Saraiya Committee (1972):Banking Commission
  86. RH Khan Committee:Harmonization Of Banks And Ssis
  87. RK Hajare Committee:Differential Interest Rates Scheme
  88. RK Talwar Committee:Customer Service
  89. RK Talwar Committee:Enactment Having A Bearing On Agro Landings By Commercial Banks
  90. RN Malhotra Committee:Reforms In Insurance Sector
  91. RN Mirdha Committee:Cooperative Societies
  92. RV Gupta Committee:Agricultural Credit Delivery
  93. S Padmanabhan Committee:Onsite Supervision Function Of Banks
  94. S Padmanabhan Committee:Inspection Of Banks (By RBI)
  95. Samal Committee:Rural Credit
  96. SC Choksi Committee:Direct Tax Law
  97. Shankar Lal Gauri Committee:Agricultural Marketing
  98. SK Kalia Committee:Role Of NGO And SHG In Credit
  99. SL Kapoor Committee:Institutional Credit To SSI
  100. Sodhani Committee:Foreign Exchange Markets In NRI Investment In India
  101. SS Kohli Committee:Rehabilitation Of Sick Industrial Units
  102. SS Kohli Committee:Rationalization Of Staff Strength In Banks
  103. SS Kohli Committee:Willful Defaulters
  104. SS Nadkarni Committee:Trading In Public Sector Banks
  105. SS Tarapore Committee:Capital Account Convertibility
  106. Sukhmoy Chakravarty Committee:To Review The Working Of Monetary System
  107. Tambe Committee:Term Loans To SSI
  108. Tandon Committee:Follow Up Of Bank Credit
  109. Tandon Committee:Industrial Sickness
  110. Thakkar Committee:Credit Schemes To Self Employed
  111. Thingalaya Committee:Restructuring Of RRB
  112. Tiwari Committee:Rehabilitation Of Sick Industrial Undertakings
  113. UK Sharma Committee:Lead Bank Scheme (Review)
  114. Usha Thorat Panel: Financial Inclusion
  115. Vaghul Committee:Mutual Fund Scheme
  116. Varshney Committee:Revised Methods For Loans (>2 Lakhs)
  117. Venketaiya Committee:Review Of Rural Financing System
  118. Vipin Malik Committee:Consolidated Accounting By Banks
  119. VT Dehejia Committee:To Study Credit Needs Of Industry And Trade Likely To Be Inflated
  120. Vyas Committee:Rural Credit
  121. Wanchoo Committee:Direct Taxes
  122. WS Saraf Committee:Technology Issues In Banking Industry
  123. Y H Malegam Committee:Disclosure Norms For Public Issues
  124. YV Reddy Committee:Reforms In Small Savings

Some Recent Working Groups & Committees by RBI & Their Focus Area: (Name of Chairmen is given)
  1. Working Group on Benchmark Prime Lending Rate (BPLR): Deepak Mohanty
  2. Working Group on Surveys: Deepak Mohanty
  3. High Level Committee to Review Lead Bank Scheme: Usha Thorat
  4. Working Group to Review the Business Correspondent Model: P Vijaya Bhaskar Rao
  5. High Level Group on Systems and Procedures for Currency Distribution: Usha Thorat
  6. G20 Working Group on Enhancing Sound Regulation and Strengthening Transparency: Dr. Rakesh Mohan and Mr. Tiff Macklem
  7. Committee on Financial Sector Assessment: Dr. Rakesh Mohan
  8. High Level Committee on Estimation of Savings and Investment: Dr. C. Rangarajan
  9. Committee on the Global Financial System (CGFS) on Capital Flows and Emerging Market Economies: Dr. Rakesh Mohan
  10. Task Force For Diamond Sector: A K Bera
  11. Technical Advisory Group on Development of Housing Start-Up Index in India: Prof. Amitabh Kundu
  12. Working Group on Defraying Cost of ICT Solutions for RRBs: Shri G. Padmanabhan
  13. Working Group on IT support for Urban Cooperative Banks: R Gandhi
  14. Working Group on Technology Upgradation of Regional Rural Banks: Shri G. Srinivasan
  15. Interest Rate Futures: Shri V.K. Sharma
  16. Internal Working Group to Study the Recommendations of the NCEUS Report: KUB Rao
  17. Working Group on Improvement of Banking Services in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep: S. Ramaswamy
  18. Working Group on Rehabilitation of Sick SMEs: Dr. K. C. Chakrabarty
  19. Working Group on Improvement of Banking Services In Jharkhand: V.S.Das
  20. Working Group on Improvement of Banking Services in Himachal Pradesh: Dr. J. Sadakkadulla
  21. Internal Technical Group on Seasonal Movements in Inflation: Dr. Balvant Singh
  22. Working Group to Examine the Procedures and Processes of Agricultural Loans: C P Swarankar
  23. Task Force on Empowering RRB Boards for Operational EfficiencyDr. K.G. Karmakar
  24. Technical Group Set up to Review Legislations on Money Lending: Shri.S. C. Gupta
  25. Working Group To Suggest Measures To Assist Distressed Farmers: Shri. S. S. Johl
  26. Technical Group on Statistics for International Trade in Banking Services: Shri K.S.R.Rao
  27. Technical Advisory Group On Development Of Leading Economic Indicators For Indian EconomyDr. R B Barman
  28. Working Group on Savings for the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-08 to 2011-12): Dr.Rakesh Mohan
  29. Working Group on Compilation of State Government Liabilities: Dr. N.D. Jadhav
  30. Working Group on Improvement of Banking Services in Uttaranchal: V.S. Das
  31. Working Group on Cost of NRI Remittances: P. K. Pain
  32. Working group to formulate a scheme for Ensuring Reasonableness of Bank Charges: N. Sadasivam
  33. Committee on Fuller Capital Account Convertibility: S.S.Tarapore
  34. Committee on Financial Sector Plan for North Eastern Region: Smt. Usha Thorat
  35. Survey on Impact of Trade Related Measures on Transaction Costs of Exports: Balwant Singh
  36. Advisory Committee on Ways and Means Advances to State Governments: M.P.Bezbaruah
  37. Need and Use Behavior for Small Denomination Coins: Sanal Kumar Velayudhan
  38. Debt Sustainability at State Level in India: Indira Rajaraman, Shashank Bhide and R.K.Pattnaik
  39. Internal Group to Examine Issues Relating to Rural Credit and Microfinance: Shri H.R.Khan
  40. Working Group to Review Export Credit: Shri Anand Sinha
  41. Internal Working Group on RRBs: Shri A V Sardesai
  42. Working Group on Warehouse Receipts and Commodity Futures: Shri Prashant Saran
  43. Internal Group to Review Guidelines on Credit Flow to SME Sector: Shri C.S.Murthy
  44. Working Group on Regulatory Mechanism for Cards Shri R.Gandhi
  45. Group on Model Fiscal Responsibility Legislation at State Level: Shri H R Khan
  46. Task Force on Revival of Cooperative Credit Institutions: Prof.A.Vaidyanathan
  47. Special Group for Formulation of Debt Restructuring Mechanism for Medium Enterprises: Shri G.Srinivasan
  48. Working Group on Screen Based Trading In Government Securities: Dr.R.H.Patil
  49. Expert Group on Internet Deployment of Central Database Management System (CDBMS): Prof.A.Vaidyanathan
  50. Report on Monitoring of Financial Conglomerates: Smt.Shyamala Gopinath
  51. Working Group on Development Financial Institutions: Shri N. Sadasivan
  52. Advisory Committee to Advise on the Administered Interest Rates and Rationalisation of Saving Instruments: Dr.Rakesh Mohan
  53. Advisory Committee on Flow of Credit to Agriculture: Prof.V.S.Vyas
  54. Working Group on Flow of Credit to SSI Sector: Dr.A.S.Ganguly
  55. Group to Study the Pension Liabilities of the State Governments: B. K. Bhattacharya
  56. Rupee Interest Rate Derivatives: Shri G. Padmanabhan
  57. Working Group on Instruments of Sterilisation: Smt. Usha Thorat
  58. Working Group on Information on State Government Guaranteed Advances and Bonds: Shri.G.Padmanabhan
  59. Working Group on Cheque Truncation and E-cheques: Dr.Barman, ED
  60. Working Group on Introduction of Credit Derivatives in India: Shri B. Mahapatra
  61. Group to Assess the Fiscal Risk of State Government Guarantees: Smt. Usha Thorat
  62. Advisory Committee on Ways and Means Advances to State Governments: Shri C.Ramachandran
  63. Working Group on Rupee Derivatives: Shri Jaspal Bindra
  64. Committee on Computer Audit: Shri A.L. Narasimhan
  65. Committee on Payment Systems: Dr R H Patil
  66. Review Group on The Working of The Local Area Bank SchemeShri G.Ramachandran
  67. Technical Group on Statistics of International Trade in Services: Shri Deepak Mohanty
  68. Working Group for Suggesting Operational and Prudential Guidelines on STRIPS (Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal of Securities): Shri M.R.Ramesh
  69. Working Group on Electronic Money: Mr.Zarir J. Cama
  70. Working Group on Economic Indicators Dr. R.B. Barman
  71. Working Group to Examine the Role of Credit Information Bureaus in Collection and Dissemination of Information on Suit-filed Accounts and Defaulters: Shri S.R. Iyer
  72. Information systems audit policy for the banking and financial sector: Dr. R.B.Burman
  73. Working Group on Consolidated Accounting and Other Quantitative Methods to Facilitate Consolidated Supervision: Shri Vipin Malik
  74. Expert Committee to Review the System of Administered Interest Rates and Other Related Issues: Dr.Y.V. Reddy
  75. Inter-Departmental Group to study the Rationalisation of Current account Facility with Reserve Bank of India: Shri K.W. Korgaonkar
  76. The Expert Committee on Legal Aspects of Bank Frauds: Dr.N.L. Mitra
  77. The Standing Committee on International Financial Standards and Codes
    Standing Committee on International Financial Standards and Codes: Dr. Y.V.Reddy
  78. Technical Group on Market Integrity: Shri C.R. Muralidharan
  79. Technical Group on Phasing Out of Non-banks from Call/Notice Money Market (March 2001): Dr.Y.V.Reddy
  80. Core Group on Voluntary Disclosure Norms for State Governments: Dr.Y.V.Reddy
  81. Task Force to Study the Cooperative Credit System and Suggest Measures for its Strengthening: Shri Jagdish Kapoor
  82. Internal Group to Review the Guidelines Relating to Commercial Paper: Dr.Y.V.Reddy
  83. High Power Committee on Urban Cooperative Banks: Shri Madhav Rao
  84. Working Group for setting up Credit Information Bureau in India: Shri N.H.Siddiqui
  85. Committee for Redesigning of Financial Statements of Non-Banking Financial Companies: Shri V.S.N. Murthy
  86. Working Group on Restructuring Weak Public Sector Banks: Shri M.S.Verma
    Working Group for Working Out Modalities on Dissemination of Information in Electronic Form: Shri Y.S.P. Thorat and Shri C.R. Gopalasundaram
  87. Committee on Technology Upgradation in the Banking Sector: Dr A.Vasudevan ]
  88. Working Group of EURO: Shri V.Subrahmanyam
  89. New Monetary Aggregates: Dr. Y.V. Reddy
  90. Committee on Capital Account Convertibility: Shri S.S.Tarapore